Inside and outside personals working together.

Definition

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Procurement
fraud can be defined as dishonestly obtaining an advantage, avoiding and
obligation or causing a loss to public property or various means during
procurement process by public servants, contractors or any other person
involved in the procurement.

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Procurement Fraud can be committed:

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From Inside

By Public
Servants

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From
Outside

By
Contractors & Suppliers

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By
Collusion

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Inside
collusion

By two or
more Insiders

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Outside
collusion

By Two or more
contractors

Cartels or
collusion tendering

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Mix
collusion

Inside and
outside personals working together.

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Distinction between fraud and error

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The basic
distinction between fraud and error is that of intention. Any error is
unintentional, i.e. the person committing the error does not do so knowingly.
Errors are accidental and may arise due to negligence or a genuine
misunderstanding on the part of the person committing then. As opposed to
errors the fraud is intentional The person committing fraud does so knowingly,
willfully, and with the motive of gaining advantage or benefits by cheating or
causing loss or injury to another person or state, acting along or in the
collusion with one and another.

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Person Committing